關于閉口系統絕熱過程的分析

摘要：作者：張志香; 高經武 關鍵詞：暖通空調論文,閉口系統,不可逆過 【中文摘要】 指出了文獻[1]中關于閉口系統不可逆絕熱過程分析存在的問題,認為閉口系統絕熱膨脹過程對外所作的功等于熱力學能降,而非膨脹功等于熱力學能降。終壓相同時,可逆絕熱膨脹過程對外所作的功等于膨脹功,不可逆絕熱膨脹過程對外所作的功小于膨脹功,其對外所作的功僅是膨脹功的一部分,是排斥大氣所作功與有用功之和,故不可逆過程對外所作的功小于可逆過程的膨脹功,而不是其"膨脹功"小于可逆過程的膨脹功。并運用反證法和算例進行了證明。 【英文摘要】 The error was pointed out in the analysis of irreversible adiabatic process in the article [1]. It is thought in this paper that the external work of closed system in the adiabatic expansion process is equal to the reduction of thermodynamic energy, but not the expansion work. When the termination pressure in the reversible adiabatic expansion process is equal to that in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process, the external work in the former is equal to the expansion work, however that in the latter is less than the expansion work. The external work in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process is the part of the expansion work, which is the sum of the available work and the work used to repel air. So the external work in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process is less than that in the reversible adiabatic expansion process, but not the expansion work. The viewpoint was validated using negative approach and the example. 【中文關鍵詞】 工程熱力學; 閉口系統; 不可逆過程; 絕熱過程【英文關鍵詞】 Engineering Thermodynamics; closed system; irreversible process; adiabatic process